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Excel Formula Explainer

  • SUM

    =SUM(range)

    Adds all numbers in a range.

    =SUM(A1:A10)

  • AVERAGE

    =AVERAGE(range)

    Mean of numbers in range.

    =AVERAGE(B2:B20)

  • COUNT / COUNTA

    =COUNT(range)

    COUNT = numbers only; COUNTA = any non-empty cells.

    =COUNTA(A:A)

  • COUNTIF

    =COUNTIF(range, criteria)

    Count cells matching a condition.

    =COUNTIF(B:B, ">100")

  • SUMIF / SUMIFS

    =SUMIFS(sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, …)

    Sum cells matching one or more conditions.

    =SUMIFS(C:C, A:A, "NY", B:B, ">2024-01-01")

  • IF

    =IF(test, value_if_true, value_if_false)

    Conditional logic.

    =IF(A1>100, "high", "low")

  • IFS

    =IFS(test1, value1, test2, value2, …)

    Multiple if/then without nesting.

    =IFS(A1<60,"F",A1<70,"D",A1<80,"C",A1<90,"B",TRUE,"A")

  • VLOOKUP

    =VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table, col_index, [exact])

    Lookup a value in the first column and return from another column.

    =VLOOKUP(A2, Products!A:D, 3, FALSE)

  • XLOOKUP

    =XLOOKUP(lookup_value, lookup_array, return_array, [if_not_found])

    Modern replacement for VLOOKUP/HLOOKUP/INDEX-MATCH.

    =XLOOKUP(A2, Products!A:A, Products!C:C, "missing")

  • INDEX-MATCH

    =INDEX(return_range, MATCH(lookup, lookup_range, 0))

    Two-step lookup. More flexible than VLOOKUP (works in any direction).

    =INDEX(C:C, MATCH(A2, B:B, 0))

  • CONCAT / TEXTJOIN

    =TEXTJOIN(delimiter, ignore_empty, text1, …)

    Join strings with a delimiter.

    =TEXTJOIN(", ", TRUE, A2:E2)

  • LEFT / RIGHT / MID

    =LEFT(text, num_chars)

    Substring from start/end/middle.

    =LEFT(A1, 3)

  • LEN

    =LEN(text)

    Character count.

    =LEN(A1)

  • TRIM

    =TRIM(text)

    Removes leading/trailing/double spaces.

    =TRIM(A1)

  • UPPER / LOWER / PROPER

    =PROPER(text)

    Case conversion (PROPER = title case).

    =PROPER(A1)

  • DATE / TODAY / NOW

    =TODAY()

    Date helpers. TODAY = date only; NOW = date+time.

    =TODAY() - A1

  • YEAR / MONTH / DAY

    =YEAR(date)

    Extract date parts.

    =YEAR(A1)

  • WEEKDAY

    =WEEKDAY(date, [type])

    Day of week as number (1–7).

    =WEEKDAY(TODAY(), 2)

  • EDATE / EOMONTH

    =EOMONTH(start, months)

    Add months / end of month.

    =EOMONTH(TODAY(), 0)

  • ROUND / ROUNDUP / ROUNDDOWN

    =ROUND(number, digits)

    Rounding helpers.

    =ROUND(A1, 2)

  • INT / MOD

    =MOD(number, divisor)

    Integer / remainder.

    =MOD(A1, 7)

  • RAND / RANDBETWEEN

    =RANDBETWEEN(low, high)

    Random number.

    =RANDBETWEEN(1, 100)

  • ARRAYFORMULA (Sheets) / dynamic arrays (Excel 365)

    =A2:A10 * B2:B10

    Spill range — operation on entire array.

    =A2:A10 * B2:B10

  • FILTER

    =FILTER(array, include, [if_empty])

    Return rows matching a condition (Excel 365 / Sheets).

    =FILTER(A2:C100, B2:B100>1000)

  • UNIQUE

    =UNIQUE(range)

    Distinct values in a range.

    =UNIQUE(A:A)

About this tool

Excel Formula Explainer is a single-purpose utility on instant.tw, a free toolbox of calculators, converters, generators, and quick lookups. Everything works in your browser — nothing is uploaded, nothing is stored on a server unless explicitly noted.

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